资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
持续增进民生福祉****** 作者:崔玉丽(华北水利水电大学公共管理学院) 党的二十大报告指出,不断增进民生福祉,提高人民生活品质,必须坚持在发展中保障和改善民生,鼓励共同奋斗创造美好生活,不断实现人民对美好生活的向往。为民造福是立党为公、执政为民的本质要求,让人民群众过上好日子,是我们党一切工作的出发点和落脚点,是我们党始终不渝的奋斗目标。 民生事业夯实执政之基 民生连着民心,民生凝聚人心。我们党从成立时起,就高度重视民生改善和社会保障。早在1922年,党的二大宣言中就提出了设立工厂保险、保护失业工人等改良工人待遇的主张。瑞金时期颁布的《中华苏维埃共和国劳动法》,设专章规定了社会保险问题。新中国成立初期,政务院根据《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》中“逐步实行劳动保险制度”的要求,于1951年颁布《中华人民共和国劳动保险条例》。毛泽东同志指出,“要把衣、食、住、用、行五个字安排好,这是六亿五千万人民安定不安定的问题”,强调恢复社会生产以保障最基本的民生需求。改革开放后,我们党始终坚持以经济建设为中心,把社会保障作为改善人民生活的基础民生工程,稳步推进社会保障体系建设,始终维护好、实现好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益。邓小平同志强调:“按照历史唯物主义的观点来讲,正确的政治领导的成果,归根结底要表现在社会生产力的发展上,人民物质文化生活的改善上。”特别是党的十八大以来,党中央把社会保障体系建设摆在更加突出的位置,促进我国社会保障事业高质量发展、可持续发展。习近平总书记指出,“民之所忧,我必念之;民之所盼,我必行之”,“要时刻把人民群众安危冷暖放在心上,多为群众办实事、办好事。民有所呼,我有所应”。治国有常,利民为本,让人民生活幸福是“国之大者”。党的根基在人民、血脉在人民、力量在人民,人民是党执政兴国的最大底气。只有在发展中保障和改善民生,扎实推动共同富裕,才能守住人民的心,筑牢党长期执政的坚实根基。 在发展中保障和改善民生 坚持发展为了人民、发展成果由人民共享,努力在推动高质量发展过程中办好各项民生事业、补齐民生领域短板。新时代十年来,我们党采取一系列改革创新举措,把就业、教育、医疗、社保、住房、养老、食品安全、生态环境、社会治安等人民群众急难愁盼问题一个一个解决好,持续提高人民生活品质。一是打赢人类历史上规模最大的脱贫攻坚战,全面建成小康社会。全国832个贫困县全部摘帽,近一亿农村贫困人口实现脱贫,960多万贫困人口实现易地搬迁,历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题,创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹,实现了“小康”这个中华民族的千年梦想。二是不断健全完善就业、教育、医疗卫生等公共服务体系,提升基本公共服务水平。就业质量显著提升,就业结构持续优化,教育普及水平实现历史性跨越,覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务三级网络不断健全。三是社会保障体系不断完善,基本养老保险制度基本健全,全民医保目标基本实现,为人民创造美好生活奠定了坚实基础。社会保障制度已成为人民群众共享改革发展成果的重要制度安排。四是优化收入分配制度,扎实推动共同富裕。城乡、地区、收入差距持续缩小,共同富裕取得新成效。经过持续奋斗,我国居民人均可支配收入从16500元增加到35100元,建成世界上规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系、医疗卫生体系,教育普及水平实现历史性跨越,基本养老保险覆盖十亿四千万人,基本医疗保险参保率稳定在95%。更多改革成果可及性增强,人民生活全方位改善。人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续。 更好满足人民美好生活需要 未来五年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期。新征程上要持续增进民生福祉,提高人民生活品质,让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。第一,推动高质量发展,不断夯实增进民生福祉的物质基础。牢固树立创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念,着力扩大内需,增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用;构建优质高效的服务业新体系,统筹推进高质量经济发展和高质量民生保障。第二,完善分配制度,坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存,构建初次分配、再分配、三次分配相协调相配套的制度体系。坚持多劳多得,鼓励勤劳致富,促进机会公平;扩大中等收入群体,规范收入分配秩序,规范财富积累机制。第三,促进人的全面发展,使人人都有出彩的机会。加快建设高质量教育体系,发展素质教育,优化区域教育资源配置,促进教育公平,健全学校家庭社会育人机制,办好人民满意的教育。实施就业优先战略,健全就业公共服务体系。加强就业帮扶,支持和规范发展新就业形态。完善人民健康促进政策,优化人口发展战略,推动实现全体老年人享有基本养老服务,重视心理健康和精神卫生,倡导健康生活方式。第四,健全多层次社会保障体系,兜牢民生底线。健全基本养老、基本医疗保险筹资和待遇调整机制,推动基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险省级统筹;完善大病保险和医疗救助制度,落实异地就医结算。特别是不断完善面向老年人、妇女儿童、残障人士等群体的社会福利制度,推动慈善事业、社会救助不断发展,建立健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、安全规范、可持续的多层次社会保障体系。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 亚星彩票地图 |